![]() ![]() ![]() The base circuit is usually analyzed with the same approximation used for diodes. ![]() Diode approximations are used for analysis (typically - ideal or second).Single subscripts are used for node voltages with ground serving as the reference (VC).When the subscripts are different, the voltage is between two points (VCE).When the subscripts are the same, the voltage represents a source (VCC).RC collector loop RB VCE VCC base loop VBE VBB The common emitter connection has two loops: the base loop and the collector loop. The base-collector acts like a current source that is equal to βdc times the base current.IC IC IB IB IE IE IC IC bdc = adc = IB IE Conventional flow Electron flow IE = IC + IB IC IE IB << IC The ratio of collector current to base current is current gain (βdc or hFE).In a properly biased NPN transistor, the emitterelectrons diffuse into the base and then go on to the collector. N COLLECTOR (medium doping) P BASE (light doping) N EMITTER (heavy doping) The bipolar junction transistor has 3 doped regions. Two pn junctions: emitter-base and base-collector.Three doped regions: emitter, base, and collector.MALVINO & BATES Electronic PRINCIPLES SEVENTH EDITION ![]()
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